{"id":454,"date":"2023-01-08T15:47:13","date_gmt":"2023-01-08T14:47:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.catman.info\/?p=454"},"modified":"2023-07-20T23:41:41","modified_gmt":"2023-07-20T22:41:41","slug":"revize-fve","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.catman.info\/?p=454","title":{"rendered":"Revize FVE"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u010cl\u00e1nek jsem si vyp\u016fj\u010dil  z webu elektrika.cz, kter\u00fd je dobr\u00fdm zdrojem informac\u00ed pro elektrik\u00e1\u0159e profesion\u00e1ly i pro ty, kdo se amat\u00e9rsky vrtaj\u00ed v elektrice a cht\u011bj\u00ed se dozv\u011bd\u011bt v\u00edc ne\u017e jen &#8222;v z\u00e1suvce jsou \u010derti&#8220; . Problematika Fotovoltaick\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren je zde pops\u00e1na velmi podrobn\u011b z pohledu revizn\u00edho technika a proto m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt velmi podrobn\u00fdm zdroje informac\u00ed i pro projektanty a mont\u00e9ry, jak\u00e9 n\u00e1le\u017eitosti by m\u011bly b\u00fdt spln\u011bny p\u0159i n\u00e1vrhu a mont\u00e1\u017ei FV syst\u00e9m\u016f. Velmi vhodn\u00e9 je pak i pro\u010dten\u00ed diskusn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f pod t\u011bmi \u010dl\u00e1nky na elektrika.cz, kde se mohou objevit i dal\u0161\u00ed aspekty nezve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9 v \u010dl\u00e1nku samotn\u00e9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010cl\u00e1nek je zde archivov\u00e1n v nezm\u011bn\u011bn\u00e9 podob\u011b z 8.1.2023, origin\u00e1l je uve\u0159ejn\u011bn na odkaze https:\/\/elektrika.cz\/data\/clanky\/revize-fotovoltaickych-systemu-2022?_gl=1<em>3bkpt0<\/em>_ga<em>ODYwNTQwMjM1LjE2NjkxMzQ4MDU.<\/em>_ga_0ML6RMN4RL*MTY3MzE4NzMwOC4xMC4xLjE2NzMxODc2MTYuMC4wLjA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cituji:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1>Revize fotovoltaick\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f v roce 2022<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h5>Document Actions<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/elektrika.cz\/data\/clanky\/revize-fotovoltaickych-systemu-2022\/sendto_form\">\u00a0<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/elektrika.cz\/14\/22-fotovoltaika-r-3v.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"636\" height=\"465\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/elektrika.cz\/data\/clanky\/revize-fotovoltaickych-systemu-2022\/clanek_print\"><\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ka Davida \u010cernocha o p\u0159edstav\u011b, co v\u0161e na fotovoltaick\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rn\u011b uva\u017eovat p\u0159i odpov\u011bdn\u00e9 revizi &#8230; Co je z\u00e1kladem&nbsp;revize&nbsp;FVE? Co mus\u00ed obsahovat projektov\u00e1 dokumentace, aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 prov\u00e9st revizi? Co by m\u011bla zejm\u00e9na obsahovat&nbsp;projektov\u00e1 dokumentace&nbsp;fotovoltaick\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny? Kter\u00e1 elektrick\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed jsou a kter\u00e1 nejsou vyhrazen\u00e1? Tato predn\u00e1\u0161ka&nbsp;nem\u00e1&nbsp;za \u00fakol stanovit, nebo popsat p\u0159esn\u00e9 postupy&nbsp;revize&nbsp;FVE, ale m\u00e1 nav\u00e9st k jednotliv\u00fdm krok\u016fm, tak, aby byla zaji\u0161t\u011bna kompletn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost FVE.<strong>Autorsk\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek, ze dne: 23.12.2022<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5><a href=\"https:\/\/ad.elektrika.info\/images\/af42aa34947d0286195261db8df392c4\/index.html?clickTag=https:\/\/ad.elektrika.info\/www\/delivery\/ck.php?oaparams=2__bannerid=1104__zoneid=20__cb=6ef550cc1b__oadest=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/ad.elektrika.info\/images\/af42aa34947d0286195261db8df392c4\/index.html?clickTag=https:\/\/ad.elektrika.info\/www\/delivery\/ck.php?oaparams=2__bannerid=1104__zoneid=20__cb=6ef550cc1b__oadest=<\/a><br><strong><br>Sledujte tuto p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ku z podzimn\u00ed konference SOLID Team &#8230;<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>Bezpe\u010dnost\u00ed FVE je my\u0161len soubor \u00fakon\u016f vzhledem k elektrick\u00e9, mechanick\u00e9, statick\u00e9, po\u017e\u00e1rn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti a bezpe\u010dnosti pr\u00e1ce. Je pot\u0159eba myslet na um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed FVE a rizika s t\u00edm spojen\u00e1. Jedn\u00e1 se o za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ve v\u00fd\u0161ce, kde hroz\u00ed p\u00e1d z v\u00fd\u0161ky, nemo\u017enost obsluhovat bezpe\u010dn\u011b za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, pokud se um\u00edst\u00ed v rozporu s doporu\u010den\u00edm v\u00fdrobce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Co je z\u00e1kladem&nbsp;revize&nbsp;FVE?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>1.<strong>&nbsp;Spr\u00e1vn\u00e1&nbsp;projektov\u00e1 dokumentace<\/strong><\/li><li>2.&nbsp;<strong>Nastudov\u00e1n\u00ed podklad\u016f<\/strong><br>a.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Projektov\u00e1 dokumentace<br>b.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Technick\u00e9&nbsp;listy&nbsp;a n\u00e1vody v\u00fdrobce<br>c.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Postupy&nbsp;m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed&nbsp;stanoven\u00e9 v\u00fdrobcem<\/li><li>3.&nbsp;<strong>Postup&nbsp;revize&nbsp;dle platn\u00fdch \u010cSN<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Co mus\u00ed obsahovat projektov\u00e1 dokumentace, aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 prov\u00e9st revizi?<\/strong><br>Projektov\u00e1 dokumentace&nbsp;mus\u00ed jako celek stanovit celkovou koncepci FVE, tak aby n\u00e1vrh bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 realizovat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>PD by m\u011bla zejm\u00e9na obsahovat:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Statick\u00e9 posouzen\u00ed konstrukce<\/li><li>Po\u017e\u00e1rn\u011b bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed stavby. Toto stanov\u00ed ulo\u017een\u00ed kabel\u016f, STOP tla\u010d\u00edtko FVE, um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed st\u0159\u00edda\u010d\u016f, odstupy FVE panel\u016f od stavebn\u00edch prvk\u016f (st\u0159e\u0161n\u00ed okna, sv\u011btl\u00edky, v\u00fddechy atd) a za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed PO.<\/li><li>Anal\u00fdzu rizika ochrany p\u0159ed bleskem a v\u00fdpo\u010det dostate\u010dn\u00fdch vzd\u00e1lenost\u00ed<\/li><li>Sch\u00e9mata, p\u016fdorysy, zapojen\u00ed do st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed&nbsp;instalace<\/li><li>V\u0161echny&nbsp;materi\u00e1ly&nbsp;a prvky FVE jsou zp\u016fsobil\u00e9 k dan\u00e9 instalaci. Zejm\u00e9na kabely,&nbsp;jisti\u010de&nbsp;a prvky rozvad\u011b\u010de jsou zkou\u0161eny na DC.<\/li><li>V\u0161echna pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 povolen\u00ed dle v\u00fdkonu FVE<\/li><li>Obsluha za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed (p\u0159\u00edstup k FVE). Zejm\u00e9na se jedn\u00e1 o n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce vzhledem k pr\u00e1ci ve v\u00fd\u0161k\u00e1ch a elektrick\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><br>Ochrana p\u0159ed bleskem \u0158\u00edzen\u00ed rizik<br>vytvo\u0159eno podle mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed normy:\u00a0IEC\u00a062305-2:2010-12<br>s p\u0159ihl\u00e9dnut\u00edm ke specifick\u00fdm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m dan\u00e9 zem\u011b v: \u010cSN EN 62305-2:2013-02<br>Souhrn opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 sni\u017euj\u00ed\u00a0riziko\u00a0\u0161kod zp\u016fsoben\u00fdch bleskem<br>vypl\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed z v\u00fdpo\u010dtu \u0158\u00edzen\u00ed rizika pro n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed projekt:<br><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/elektrika.cz\/14\/22-fotovoltaika-r-1v.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nov\u011b stanov\u00ed z\u00e1sady pro prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed reviz\u00ed vyhrazen\u00fdch elektrick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed z\u00e1kon \u010d. 250\/2021 Sb., o bezpe\u010dnosti pr\u00e1ce v souvislosti s provozem vyhrazen\u00fdch technick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a o zm\u011bn\u011b souvisej\u00edc\u00edch z\u00e1kon\u016f v \u00a7 17 a zejm\u00e9na navazuj\u00edc\u00ed na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vl\u00e1dy \u010d. 190\/2022 Sb., o vyhrazen\u00fdch technick\u00fdch elektrick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch a po\u017eadavc\u00edch na zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed jejich bezpe\u010dnosti a \u010d. 194\/2022 Sb., o po\u017eadavc\u00edch na odbornou zp\u016fsobilost k v\u00fdkonu \u010dinnosti na elektrick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch a na odbornou zp\u016fsobilost v elektrotechnice.<br>O reviz\u00edch elektrick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed obecn\u011b pojedn\u00e1v\u00e1 \u010cSN 33 1500:1990&nbsp;Revize&nbsp;elektrick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, o reviz\u00edch elektrick\u00fdch instalac\u00ed \u010cSN 33 2000-6 ed. 2:2017 Elektrick\u00e9&nbsp;instalace&nbsp;n\u00edzk\u00e9ho&nbsp;nap\u011bt\u00ed&nbsp;\u2013 \u010c\u00e1st 6: Revize. To je pr\u00e1v\u011b ta norma, kter\u00e1 prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm evropsk\u00e9ho harmoniza\u010dn\u00edho dokumentu zavedla do soustavy \u010cSN mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed normu&nbsp;IEC&nbsp;60364-6, kter\u00e1 ji\u017e nepojedn\u00e1v\u00e1 pouze o v\u00fdchoz\u00edch reviz\u00edch elektrick\u00fdch instalac\u00ed (jako n\u011bkolik vyd\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edchoz\u00ed&nbsp;IEC&nbsp;60364-6-61), ale stanov\u00ed pravidla i pro jejich pravideln\u00e9 revize.<strong><br><\/strong><strong>Kter\u00e1 elektrick\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen jsou a kter\u00e1 nejsou vyhrazen\u00e1<\/strong>Podle \u00a7 3, odst. 1 na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vl\u00e1dy \u010d. 190\/2022 Sb. jsou vyhrazen\u00fdmi elektrick\u00fdmi za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161enou m\u00edru ohro\u017een\u00ed \u017eivota, zdrav\u00ed a bezpe\u010dnosti fyzick\u00fdch osob, a to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>a) elektrick\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro v\u00fdrobu, p\u0159em\u011bnu, p\u0159enos, rozvod, distribuci a odb\u011br elektrick\u00e9&nbsp;energie&nbsp;a elektrick\u00e9&nbsp;instalace&nbsp;staveb a technologi\u00ed,<\/li><li>b) za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ur\u010den\u00e1 k ochran\u011b p\u0159ed \u00fa\u010dinky atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9 nebo statick\u00e9 elekt\u0159iny.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Podle odst. 2 vyhrazen\u00fdmi elektrick\u00fdmi za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi nejsou:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>a) ru\u010dn\u00ed elektromechanick\u00e9 n\u00e1\u0159ad\u00ed, elektronick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstroje a elektrick\u00e9 spot\u0159ebi\u010de do&nbsp;nap\u011bt\u00ed&nbsp;400 V v\u010detn\u011b, pokud nejsou ur\u010den\u00e9 pro pevn\u00e9 p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k elektrick\u00e9 s\u00edti,<\/li><li>b) prodlu\u017eovac\u00ed \u0161\u0148\u016fry a odpojiteln\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edvody,<\/li><li>c) zdravotnick\u00e9 elektrick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstroje,<\/li><li>d)&nbsp;elektrick\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed&nbsp;strojn\u00edho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je pova\u017eov\u00e1no za v\u00fdrobek podle z\u00e1kona \u010d. 22\/1997 Sb.,<\/li><li>e) elektrick\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a&nbsp;instalace&nbsp;s charaktery proudu nebo nap\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nep\u0159edstavuj\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161enou m\u00edru ohro\u017een\u00ed \u017eivota, zdrav\u00ed a bezpe\u010dnosti fyzick\u00fdch osob, pokud nejsou ur\u010deny k pou\u017eit\u00ed v prost\u0159ed\u00ed s nebezpe\u010d\u00edm v\u00fdbuchu plyn\u016f,&nbsp;par&nbsp;nebo prach\u016f.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/elektrika.cz\/14\/22-fotovoltaika-r-2v.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"626\" height=\"610\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><br>Podklad revize:<br>P\u0159\u00edloha \u010d. 1\u00a0<\/strong>k na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vl\u00e1dy \u010d. 190\/2022 Sb. Po\u017eadavky kladen\u00e9 na prohl\u00eddku a zkou\u0161ku p\u0159i v\u00fdchoz\u00ed, pravideln\u00e9 a mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 revizi vyhrazen\u00e9ho elektrick\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed,<br>\u010c\u00e1st A \u2013 Prohl\u00eddka<br>\u010c\u00e1st B \u2013 Zkou\u0161ka \u2013\u00a0m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>P\u0159\u00edloha \u010d. 2&nbsp;<\/strong>k na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vl\u00e1dy \u010d. 190\/2022 Sb.<br>\u010c\u00e1st A \u2013 Podklady pro proveden\u00ed&nbsp;revize&nbsp;vyhrazen\u00fdch elektrick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a n\u00e1pl\u0148&nbsp;revize<br>\u010c\u00e1st B \u2013 N\u00e1pl\u0148&nbsp;revize&nbsp;vyhrazen\u00e9ho elektrick\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Revize&nbsp;FVE<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong>P\u0159ed samotnou reviz\u00ed je pot\u0159eba nastudovat PD, manu\u00e1ly a n\u00e1vody v\u00fdrobc\u016f prvk\u016f FVE. V t\u011bchto podkladech jsou v\u017edy uvedeny postupy a po\u017eadavky pro mont\u00e1\u017e. P\u0159i revizi elektro je b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm omylem revizn\u00edch technik\u016f, \u017ee je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed jejich&nbsp;revize&nbsp;pouze elektrick\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnost. Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed&nbsp;revize&nbsp;FVE je ov\u0161em kompletn\u00ed posouzen\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti FVE. Je to posouzen\u00ed, zda je FVE nainstalov\u00e1na dle v\u0161ech po\u017eadavk\u016f v PD. Zejm\u00e9na se jedn\u00e1 mimo elektrick\u00e9 parametry o uchycen\u00ed (zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed) panel\u016f, odstupy od oken, ho\u0159lav\u00fdch hmot, odstup od hromosvodu, p\u0159\u00edstupnost prvk\u016f pro n\u00e1slednou \u00fadr\u017ebu, po\u017eadavky PO atd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159i revizi fotovoltaick\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny by m\u011bla b\u00fdt pou\u017eita technick\u00e1&nbsp;norma&nbsp;\u010cSN 33 2000-7-712 Elektrick\u00e9&nbsp;instalace&nbsp;budov-\u010c\u00e1st 7-712 ed. 2: Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed jedno\u00fa\u010delov\u00e1 a ve zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch objektech-Sol\u00e1rn\u00ed fotovoltaick\u00e9 (FVE) nap\u00e1jec\u00ed syst\u00e9my;&nbsp;\u010cSN 33 1500&nbsp;Revize&nbsp;elektrick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed; \u010cSN 33 2000-6 ed. 2 Elektrick\u00e9&nbsp;instalace&nbsp;n\u00edzk\u00e9ho&nbsp;nap\u011bt\u00ed&nbsp;\u2013 \u010c\u00e1st 6: Revize, technick\u00e1 dokumentace elektr\u00e1rny, jej\u00edch sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed technick\u00e9 normy. U FV panel\u016f a ostatn\u00edch sou\u010d\u00e1sti elektr\u00e1rny trvale p\u0159ipojen\u00fdch, jako m\u011bni\u010d\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch, na kter\u00e9 bylo vyd\u00e1no EU prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed o shod\u011b a byly ozna\u010deny zna\u010dkou shody CE, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt provedena prohl\u00eddka, aby se potvrdilo, \u017ee:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>vyhovuj\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edm po\u017eadavk\u016fm p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch norem pro za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed;<\/li><li>jsou \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b zvoleny a instalov\u00e1ny v souladu s&nbsp;HD&nbsp;60364&nbsp;a s n\u00e1vody v\u00fdrobc\u016f tak, aby jejich funkce nebyla ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edm zp\u016fsobem ovlivn\u011bna;<\/li><li>nejsou viditeln\u011b po\u0161kozeny do t\u00e9 m\u00edry, \u017ee by to mohlo ohrozit bezpe\u010dnost<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u011bhem \u010dinnosti fotovoltaick\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny se na fotovoltaick\u00e9 panely, m\u011bni\u010de a ostatn\u00ed, vztahuje na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vl\u00e1dy \u010d. 378\/2001 Sb., kde podle \u00a7 4 plat\u00ed: \u201eZa\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed mus\u00ed b\u00fdt vybaveno provozn\u00ed dokumentac\u00ed. N\u00e1sledn\u00e1 kontrola mus\u00ed b\u00fdt provedena nejm\u00e9n\u011b jednou za 12 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f v rozsahu stanoven\u00e9m m\u00edstn\u00edm provozn\u00edm bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edm p\u0159edpisem, nestanov\u00ed-li zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed p\u0159edpis p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b PR\u016eVODN\u00cd DOKUMENTACE NEBO NORMOV\u00c9 HODNOTY rozsah a \u010detnost n\u00e1sledn\u00fdch kontrol jinak.\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Dal\u0161\u00ed technick\u00e9 normy nutn\u00e9 pro ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti fotovoltaick\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>\u010cSN EN 62446-1 Fotovoltaick\u00e9 (FVE) syst\u00e9my \u2013 Po\u017eadavky na zkou\u0161en\u00ed, dokumentaci a \u00fadr\u017ebu \u2013 \u010c\u00e1st 1: Syst\u00e9my spojen\u00e9 s rozvodnou s\u00edt\u00ed \u2013 Dokumentace, zkou\u0161ky p\u0159i uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed do provozu a kontrola.<\/li><li>\u010cSN EN&nbsp;IEC&nbsp;62446-2 Fotovoltaick\u00e9 (FVE) syst\u00e9my \u2013 Po\u017eadavky na zkou\u0161en\u00ed, dokumentaci a \u00fadr\u017ebu &#8211; \u010c\u00e1st 2: Syst\u00e9my spojen\u00e9 s rozvodnou s\u00edt\u00ed &#8211;&nbsp;\u00dadr\u017eba&nbsp;FVE syst\u00e9mu.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00e1le se jedn\u00e1 o evropskou normu, kter\u00e1 je do soustavy \u010cSN zavedena p\u0159evzet\u00edm origin\u00e1lu. Je to \u010cSN EN 62446:2010 (364623) Fotovoltaick\u00e9 syst\u00e9my spojen\u00e9 s elektrorozvodnou s\u00edt\u00ed \u2013 Minim\u00e1ln\u00ed po\u017eadavky na syst\u00e9movou dokumentaci, zkou\u0161ky p\u0159i uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed do provozu a kontrolu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tato&nbsp;norma&nbsp;definuje minim\u00e1ln\u00ed informace a dokumentaci, kter\u00e1 mus\u00ed b\u00fdt p\u0159ed\u00e1na z\u00e1kazn\u00edkovi po instalaci fotovoltaick\u00e9ho (FVE) syst\u00e9mu p\u0159ipojen\u00e9ho do s\u00edt\u011b. Popisuje tak\u00e9 minim\u00e1ln\u00ed zkou\u0161ky p\u0159i uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed do provozu, kontroln\u00ed krit\u00e9ria a dokumentaci p\u0159edpokl\u00e1danou pro ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed bezpe\u010dn\u00e9&nbsp;instalace&nbsp;a spr\u00e1vnou obsluhu syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Norma\u00a0je ur\u010dena pro fotovoltaick\u00e9 syst\u00e9my p\u0159ipojen\u00e9 do s\u00edt\u011b, neplat\u00ed v\u0161ak pro moduly se zabudovan\u00fdmi invertory nebo syst\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed akumulov\u00e1n\u00ed\u00a0energie\u00a0(nap\u0159. baterie) nebo hybridn\u00ed syst\u00e9my. Je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech budou nutn\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed informace a zkou\u0161ky p\u0159i uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed do provozu, nap\u0159. pro velk\u00e1 komer\u010dn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<br>Norma\u00a0navazuje jednak na normu pro fotovoltaick\u00e9 moduly, kterou je \u010cSN EN 61730-1 (364650) Zp\u016fsobilost k bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti fotovoltaick\u00fdch (FVE) modul\u016f \u2013 \u010c\u00e1st 1: Po\u017eadavky na konstrukci, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na soubor \u010cSN 33 2000 Elektrick\u00e9\u00a0instalace\u00a0n\u00edzk\u00e9ho (v samotn\u00e9 norm\u011b je to skryto pod mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm ozna\u010den\u00edm t\u011bchto norem jako\u00a0IEC\u00a060364), zejm\u00e9na pak na \u010cSN 33 2000-6 Elektrick\u00e9\u00a0instalace\u00a0n\u00edzk\u00e9ho\u00a0nap\u011bt\u00ed\u00a0\u2013 \u010c\u00e1st 6:\u00a0Revize\u00a0a \u010cSN 33 2000-7-712:2006 (332000) Elektrick\u00e9\u00a0instalace\u00a0budov \u2013 \u010c\u00e1st 7-712: Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed jedno\u00fa\u010delov\u00e1 a ve zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch objektech \u2013 Sol\u00e1rn\u00ed fotovoltaick\u00e9 nap\u00e1jec\u00ed syst\u00e9my (v norm\u011b jsou uvedeny pod mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm ozna\u010den\u00edm\u00a0IEC\u00a060364-6 a\u00a0IEC\u00a060364-7-712). Jako dal\u0161\u00ed je pak uveden soubor \u010cSN EN 61557, kter\u00fd plat\u00ed pro elektrick\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed a zku\u0161ebn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroje. Zde je \u0159e\u0161eno, \u017ee pro\u00a0m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed\u00a0i p\u0159i reviz\u00edch fotovoltaick\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren je nutn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvat normalizovan\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroje. Pro pou\u017eit\u00ed proudov\u00fdch chr\u00e1ni\u010d\u016f v FVE instalac\u00edch by m\u011bla b\u00fdt vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na\u00a0zpr\u00e1va\u00a0IEC\/TR 60755:2008 V\u0161eobecn\u00e9 po\u017eadavky pro proudov\u00e9 chr\u00e1ni\u010de (my se mus\u00edme spokojit pouze s p\u0159edchoz\u00edm vyd\u00e1n\u00edm zaveden\u00fdm u n\u00e1s jako \u010cSN\u00a0IEC\u00a0755:1993 (354180). P\u0159itom v\u0161ak ani jako souvisej\u00edc\u00ed\u00a0norma\u00a0nen\u00ed uvedena\u00a0IEC\u00a061730-2 zavedena v \u010cSN EN 61730-2 (364650) Zp\u016fsobilost k bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti fotovoltaick\u00fdch (FVE) modul\u016f \u2013 \u010c\u00e1st 2: Po\u017eadavky na zkou\u0161en\u00ed (zaveden\u00e1 p\u0159evzet\u00edm origin\u00e1lu).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><br>\u00dakoly a po\u017eadavky \u010cSN EN 62446<\/strong><br>\u010cSN EN 62446:2010 popisuje zku\u0161ebn\u00ed po\u017eadavky pro FVE moduly, aby se zajistil jejich bezpe\u010dn\u00fd provoz po elektrick\u00e9 a mechanick\u00e9 str\u00e1nce po dobu cel\u00e9ho jejich p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00e9ho \u017eivota. Mezi specifick\u00e9 \u00fakoly normy pat\u0159\u00ed, jak vyhodnotit ochranu p\u0159ed \u00farazem elektrick\u00fdm proudem, p\u0159ed nebezpe\u010d\u00edm po\u017e\u00e1ru a nebezpe\u010d\u00edm zran\u011bn\u00ed osob v d\u016fsledku mechanick\u00fdch p\u016fsoben\u00ed a \u00fa\u010dink\u016f jin\u00fdch vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch vliv\u016f. (Odvol\u00e1v\u00e1 se p\u0159itom z hlediska prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed zkou\u0161ek jednotliv\u00fdch typ\u016f FVE modul\u016f na \u010cSN EN 61215 ed. 2 \u2013 pro typov\u00e9 zkou\u0161ky modul\u016f z krystalick\u00e9ho k\u0159em\u00edku a na \u010cSN EN 61646 ed. 2 \u2013 pro typov\u00e9 zkou\u0161ky modul\u016f pro pozemn\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e zkou\u0161ky podle t\u011bchto norem jsou z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi zkou\u0161kami prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fdmi p\u0159ed zkou\u0161kami podle \u010cSN EN 61730-2.) Pokud FVE modul obst\u00e1l p\u0159i zkou\u0161k\u00e1ch podle t\u00e9to normy, p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee vydr\u017e\u00ed po celou dobu p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00e9ho \u017eivota a dal\u0161\u00ed zkou\u0161ky na n\u011bm nen\u00ed t\u0159eba prov\u00e1d\u011bt.<br>V \u010cSN EN 62446 je uvedena n\u00e1rodn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edloha NA obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9 ekvivalenty anglick\u00fdch term\u00edn\u016f z\u0159ejm\u011b m\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch jako podklad pro porozum\u011bn\u00ed anglick\u00e9mu zn\u011bn\u00ed normy. Tato p\u0159\u00edloha obsahuje term\u00edny a definice, jejich\u017e anglick\u00fd origin\u00e1l je p\u0159esn\u011b stejn\u00fd jako v \u010cSN 33 2000-6, to znamen\u00e1 revize, prohl\u00eddka, zkou\u0161en\u00ed, vypracov\u00e1n\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy; nav\u00edc je pouze term\u00edn katalogov\u00e9 \u00fadaje ve v\u00fdznamu z\u00e1kladn\u00ed popis a specifikace v\u00fdrobku.<br>Vedle dokumentace, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 b\u00fdt pro FVE syst\u00e9m zpracov\u00e1na, obsahuje\u00a0norma\u00a0zkou\u0161ky a m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se na FVE syst\u00e9mech maj\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bt p\u0159ed jejich uveden\u00edm do provozu i pravideln\u00e9 zkou\u0161ky (asi bychom \u0159ekli pravideln\u00e9 revize) pro jejich \u0159\u00e1dn\u00fd a bezpe\u010dn\u00fd provoz. Ve spojen\u00ed s \u010cSN 33 2000-7-712 poskytuje \u010cSN EN 62446 velmi dobr\u00fd podklad pro \u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a provoz FVE za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<br><br><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/elektrika.cz\/data\/clanky\/resolveUid\/e582bed57ff1b34a151ea1c35dbe67b2\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><br><strong>Vestav\u011bn\u00e9 FVE moduly mus\u00ed spl\u0148ovat po\u017eadavky \u010cSN EN 61730-1.<\/strong><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/elektrika.cz\/14\/22-fotovoltaika-r-3v.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"583\" height=\"427\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><br>V \u010cSN je po\u017eadavek (v \u010dl. 4.5), \u017ee mus\u00ed b\u00fdt poskytnuty i \u00fadaje o syst\u00e9mu mont\u00e1\u017ee pol\u00ed. D\u00e1le (v \u010dl. 4.6) se vy\u017eaduje, aby byly poskytnuty informace o funkci a o prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed \u00fadr\u017eby, tj.:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>postup ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho provozov\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mu<\/li><li>seznam toho, co d\u011blat v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b poruchy syst\u00e9mu,<\/li><li>postup nouzov\u00e9ho p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed provozu\/odpojen\u00ed,<\/li><li>doporu\u010den\u00ed \u00fadr\u017eby a \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed (pokud je t\u0159eba),<\/li><li>s \u010d\u00edm je t\u0159eba uva\u017eovat p\u0159i jak\u00fdchkoliv budouc\u00edch prac\u00edch na budov\u011b, kter\u00e9 by se mohly t\u00fdkat FVE pol\u00ed,<\/li><li>dokumenty t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se z\u00e1ruk na FVE moduly a st\u0159\u00edda\u010de \u2013 aby obsahovala datum za\u010d\u00e1tku z\u00e1ruky a lh\u016ftu, do kdy z\u00e1ruka plat\u00ed,<\/li><li>dokumenty o jak\u00fdchkoliv pou\u017eiteln\u00fdch \u0159emesln\u00fdch prac\u00edch nebo z\u00e1ruky odolnosti proti atmosf\u00e9rick\u00fdm vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm vliv\u016fm.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Podle normy (\u010dl. 4.7) mus\u00ed b\u00fdt k dispozici kopie ve\u0161ker\u00fdch v\u00fdsledk\u016f zkou\u0161ek a \u00fadaj\u016f o ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed. Jako minimum mus\u00ed obsahovat v\u00fdsledky zkou\u0161ek p\u0159i revizi uveden\u00e9 v kapitole 5 t\u00e9to normy.<br>Ve\u0161ker\u00e9 zkou\u0161ky (jak stanov\u00ed kapitola 5 normy) by m\u011bly b\u00fdt prov\u00e1d\u011bny b\u011bhem mont\u00e1\u017ee a b\u011bhem jej\u00edho dokon\u010den\u00ed podle \u010cSN 33 2000-6, kter\u00e1 stanov\u00ed po\u017eadavky na v\u00fdchoz\u00ed a pravideln\u00e9\u00a0revize\u00a0jak\u00fdchkoliv elektrick\u00fdch instalac\u00ed.<br>Ne\u017e se budou prov\u00e1d\u011bt zkou\u0161ky a m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, je t\u0159eba za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed prohl\u00e9dnout.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br><strong>Prohl\u00eddka stejnosm\u011brn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti<br><\/strong>Je t\u0159eba prok\u00e1zat, \u017ee stejnosm\u011brn\u00e1 soustava je polo\u017eena, zvolena a z\u0159\u00edzena z hlediska v\u0161eobecn\u00fdch po\u017eadavk\u016f podle \u010cSN 33 2000-6 a ve speci\u00e1ln\u00edch ohledech podle \u010cSN 33 2000-7-712.<br>Pou\u017eit\u00e9 stejnosm\u011brn\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1stky odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed pro provozov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i\u00a0DC\u00a0proudu a nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm mo\u017en\u00e9m\u00a0nap\u011bt\u00ed\u00a0stejnosm\u011brn\u00e9 soustavy i pro nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed jmenovit\u00fd proud.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Je t\u0159eba ov\u011b\u0159it, zda na stejnosm\u011brn\u00e9 stran\u011b je realizov\u00e1na ochrana pou\u017eit\u00edm&nbsp;za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddy ochrany II&nbsp;nebo s rovnocennou izolac\u00ed (jedn\u00e1 se o p\u0159ednostn\u00ed proveden\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed FVE).<br>FVE kabely pro propojen\u00ed \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f,&nbsp;kabel&nbsp;pro FVE pole a hlavn\u00ed FVE&nbsp;kabel&nbsp;pro stejnosm\u011brn\u00fd proud se vol\u00ed a z\u0159izuj\u00ed tak, aby se&nbsp;riziko&nbsp;zemn\u00edch spojen\u00ed a zkrat\u016f sn\u00ed\u017eilo na minimum.<br>Syst\u00e9my&nbsp;instalace&nbsp;byly vybr\u00e1ny a namontov\u00e1ny tak, aby vydr\u017eely p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00e9 vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vlivy, jako jsou v\u00edtr, utv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed ledu, teploty a slune\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed.<br>Pro syst\u00e9my bez nadproudov\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f pro ochranu \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f: ov\u011b\u0159it, \u017ee jmenovit\u00fd zp\u011btn\u00fd proud modul\u016f (Ir) je v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jejich skute\u010dn\u00fd mo\u017en\u00fd zp\u011btn\u00fd proud; ov\u011b\u0159it tak\u00e9, kabely \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f jsou dimenzov\u00e1ny tak, aby vyhov\u011bly maxim\u00e1ln\u00edmu kombinovan\u00e9mu poruchov\u00e9mu proudu paraleln\u00edch \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f (viz \u010dl. 712.433 \u010cSN 33 2000-7-712).Pro syst\u00e9my s nadproudov\u00fdmi ochrann\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edstroji pro ochranu \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f: ov\u011b\u0159it, \u017ee nadproudov\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstroje jsou vybaveny a spr\u00e1vn\u011b specifikov\u00e1ny podle m\u00edstn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f nebo n\u00e1vodu v\u00fdrobce pro ochrany FVE modul\u016f podle pozn\u00e1mky k \u010dl. 712. 433.2 \u010cSN 33 2000-7-712.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ov\u011b\u0159it, zda stejnosm\u011brn\u00fd&nbsp;odp\u00edna\u010d&nbsp;vyhovuje pro stejnosm\u011brnou stranu st\u0159\u00edda\u010de (\u010dl. 712.536.2.2.5 \u010cSN 33 2000-7-712).Jestli\u017ee jsou osazeny z\u00e1v\u011brn\u00e9 diody, ov\u011b\u0159it, zda jejich jmenovit\u00e9 reverza\u010dn\u00ed&nbsp;nap\u011bt\u00ed&nbsp;je alespo\u0148 2 \u00d7 Voc stc FVE \u0159et\u011bzce, v n\u011bm\u017e jsou osazeny (\u010dl. 712.512.1.1 \u010cSN 33 2000-7-712).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jestli\u017ee n\u011bkter\u00fd ze stejnosm\u011brn\u00fdch vodi\u010d\u016f je spojen\u00fd se zem\u00ed, ov\u011b\u0159it, zda existuje alespo\u0148 jednoduch\u00e9&nbsp;odd\u011blen\u00ed&nbsp;mezi stranami AC a&nbsp;DC&nbsp;a zda spojen\u00ed se zem\u00ed bylo provedeno tak, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo jeho korozi (\u010dl. 712.312.2 \u010cSN 33 2000-7-712).<br>Voc stc je normalizovan\u00e9 zku\u0161ebn\u00ed&nbsp;nap\u011bt\u00ed&nbsp;napr\u00e1zdno (\u010dl. 712.3.16 \u010cSN 33 2000-7-712),STC \u2013 standard test conditions jsou normalizovan\u00e9 zku\u0161ebn\u00ed podm\u00ednky (\u010dl. 712.3.15 \u010cSN 33 2000-7-712).<strong><br><\/strong><strong>Prohl\u00eddka z hlediska ochrany p\u0159ed p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00edm<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>V r\u00e1mci prohl\u00eddky FVE syst\u00e9mu se mus\u00ed alespo\u0148:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>ov\u011b\u0159it, \u017ee pou\u017eit\u00e9 chr\u00e1ni\u010de jsou typu B: instalovan\u00fd proudov\u00fd&nbsp;chr\u00e1ni\u010d&nbsp;mus\u00ed b\u00fdt typu B, jestli\u017ee FVE st\u0159\u00edda\u010d&nbsp;nem\u00e1&nbsp;mezi stranami AC a&nbsp;DC&nbsp;alespo\u0148 jednoduch\u00e9ho&nbsp;odd\u011blen\u00ed&nbsp;\u2013 podle&nbsp;IEC&nbsp;60755 (zaveden\u00e1 jako \u010cSN&nbsp;IEC&nbsp;755) [\u010dl. 712.413.1.1.1.2 a obr. 712.1&nbsp;IEC&nbsp;60364-7-712 (\u010cSN 33 2000-7-712)],<\/li><li>ov\u011b\u0159it, \u017ee byly dodr\u017eeny co nejmen\u0161\u00ed plochy v\u0161ech instala\u010dn\u00edch smy\u010dek, aby se minimalizovalo&nbsp;nap\u011bt\u00ed&nbsp;indukovan\u00e9 bleskem [\u010dl. 712.444.4&nbsp;IEC&nbsp;60364-7-712 (\u010cSN 33 2000-7-712)],<\/li><li>pokud je to po\u017eadov\u00e1no m\u00edstn\u00edmi p\u0159edpisy, ov\u011b\u0159it, zda&nbsp;ochrann\u00fd vodi\u010d&nbsp;r\u00e1mu FVE pole a\/nebo modulu byl \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b instalov\u00e1n a byl spojen se zem\u00ed; tam, kde jsou instalov\u00e1ny ochrann\u00e9 vodi\u010de a\/nebo vodi\u010de ekvipotenci\u00e1ln\u00edho pospojov\u00e1n\u00ed, ov\u011b\u0159it, zda vedou soub\u011b\u017en\u011b se stejnosm\u011brn\u00fdmi kabely a zda jsou s nimi ve svazku [\u010dl. 712.54&nbsp;IEC&nbsp;60364-7-712 (\u010cSN 33 2000-7-712)].<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><br><\/strong><strong>Prohl\u00eddka st\u0159\u00eddav\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b<\/strong><br><strong><br><\/strong><strong>Prohl\u00eddka FVE syst\u00e9mu mus\u00ed zahrnovat alespo\u0148:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>prost\u0159edky pro&nbsp;odpojen\u00ed&nbsp;st\u0159\u00edda\u010de byly zaji\u0161t\u011bny na st\u0159\u00eddav\u00e9 stran\u011b,<\/li><li>ve\u0161ker\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstroje pro&nbsp;odpojen\u00ed&nbsp;a sp\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed jsou zapojeny tak, \u017ee FVE&nbsp;instalace&nbsp;je p\u0159ipojena jako strana \u201ez\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee\u201c a distribu\u010dn\u00ed rozvod jako strana \u201ezdroje\u201c [\u010dl. 712.536.2.2.1&nbsp;IEC&nbsp;60364-7-712 (\u010cSN 33 2000-7-712)],<\/li><li>provozn\u00ed parametry st\u0159\u00edda\u010de byly nastaveny v souladu s m\u00edstn\u00edmi p\u0159edpisy (nebo podle \u00fadaj\u016f v\u00fdrobce).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>P\u0159i prohl\u00eddce FVE syst\u00e9mu se mus\u00ed alespo\u0148 ov\u011b\u0159it, \u017ee:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>v\u0161echny obvody, ochrann\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstroje, sp\u00edna\u010de a svorky jsou n\u00e1le\u017eit\u011b ozna\u010deny,<\/li><li>na v\u0161ech rozvodnic\u00edch (rozvodnic\u00edch FVE zdroj\u016f a FVE pol\u00ed) jsou v\u00fdstra\u017en\u00e1 ozna\u010den\u00ed poukazuj\u00edc\u00ed na to, \u017ee \u017eiv\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti uvnit\u0159 rozvodnic jsou nap\u00e1jeny z FVE pol\u00ed a mohou b\u00fdt \u017eiv\u00e9 i po&nbsp;odpojen\u00ed&nbsp;od FVE st\u0159\u00edda\u010de a distribu\u010dn\u00edho rozvodu,<\/li><li>hlavn\u00ed AC&nbsp;odp\u00edna\u010d&nbsp;je z\u0159eteln\u011b ozna\u010den,<\/li><li>v m\u00edst\u011b propojen\u00ed jsou um\u00edst\u011bny v\u00fdstra\u017en\u00e9 zna\u010dky varuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159ed nap\u00e1jen\u00edm ze dvou stran (POZOR \u2013 ZP\u011aTN\u00dd PROUD),<\/li><li>na stavb\u011b je viditeln\u011b vystaveno jednop\u00f3lov\u00e9 zapojovac\u00ed sch\u00e9ma,<\/li><li>na stavb\u011b jsou viditeln\u011b vystavena nastaven\u00ed ochrany st\u0159\u00edda\u010de a podrobnosti o instalaci,<\/li><li>na stavb\u011b je viditeln\u011b vystaven vyp\u00ednac\u00ed postup,<\/li><li>ve\u0161ker\u00e9 zna\u010dky a ozna\u010den\u00ed jsou n\u00e1le\u017eit\u011b p\u0159ipevn\u011bny a jsou trvanliv\u00e9.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Postup zkou\u0161ek<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Pokud je to relevantn\u00ed, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt provedeny n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed zkou\u0161ky, a to v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm po\u0159ad\u00ed:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li>Zkou\u0161ky v\u0161ech st\u0159\u00eddav\u00fdch obvod\u016f podle po\u017eadavk\u016f&nbsp;IEC&nbsp;60364-6 (\u010cSN 33 2000-6). Jakmile se zkou\u0161ky st\u0159\u00eddav\u00fdch obvod\u016f dokon\u010d\u00ed, provedou se n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed zkou\u0161ky stejnosm\u011brn\u00fdch obvod\u016f tvo\u0159\u00edc\u00edch FVE pole<\/li><li>Prohl\u00eddka stejnosm\u011brn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu.<\/li><li>Spojitost ochrann\u00fdch vodi\u010d\u016f a\/nebo vodi\u010d\u016f ekvipotenci\u00e1ln\u00edho pospojov\u00e1n\u00ed, pokud jsou instalov\u00e1ny (viz \u010dl. 5.4.2).<\/li><li>Ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed polarity (viz \u010dl. 5.4.3).<\/li><li>Zkou\u0161ka&nbsp;nap\u011bt\u00ed&nbsp;napr\u00e1zdno (viz \u010dl. 5.4.4).<\/li><li>Zkou\u0161ka zkratov\u00e9ho proudu (viz \u010dl. 5.4.5).<\/li><li>Funk\u010dn\u00ed zkou\u0161ka (viz \u010dl. 5.4.6).<\/li><li>Izola\u010dn\u00ed&nbsp;odpor&nbsp;stejnosm\u011brn\u00fdch obvod\u016f (viz \u010dl. 5.4.7).<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Zkou\u0161ka v\u0161ech st\u0159\u00eddav\u00fdch obvod\u016f podle \u010cSN 33 2000-6<\/strong><br>Ve\u0161ker\u00e1\u00a0m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed\u00a0na st\u0159\u00eddav\u00fdch obvodech FVE za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed spadaj\u00ed pod \u010cSN 33 2000-6. Postupuje se:<br>&#8211; prohl\u00eddka AC strany,<br>&#8211;\u00a0m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed\u00a0n\u00edzko odporov\u00e9ho spojen\u00ed ochrann\u00fdch vodi\u010d\u016f a vodi\u010d\u016f ochrann\u00e9ho pospojov\u00e1n\u00ed,<br>&#8211;\u00a0m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed\u00a0izola\u010dn\u00edho odporu,<br>&#8211; prok\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed podm\u00ednek automatick\u00e9ho odpojen\u00ed,<br>&#8211; funk\u010dn\u00ed zkou\u0161ky (proudov\u00fdch chr\u00e1ni\u010d\u016f a ochrann\u00fdch a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed).<br><strong><br><br>Prohl\u00eddka stejnosm\u011brn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Spojitost ochrann\u00fdch vodi\u010d\u016f a\/nebo vodi\u010d\u016f ekvipotenci\u00e1ln\u00edho pospojov\u00e1n\u00ed, pokud jsou instalov\u00e1ny<br>Toto\u00a0m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed\u00a0se po\u017eaduje, aby se prok\u00e1zala bezpe\u010dn\u00e1 a spolehliv\u00e1 funkce ochrann\u00fdch vodi\u010d\u016f a vodi\u010d\u016f pospojov\u00e1n\u00ed.<br><strong><br><br>Ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed polarity jednotliv\u00fdch \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Polarita v\u0161ech stejnosm\u011brn\u00fdch kabel\u016f mus\u00ed b\u00fdt ov\u011b\u0159ena pou\u017eit\u00edm vhodn\u00fdch zku\u0161ebn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f (nap\u0159. multimetr\u016f). \u00da\u010deln\u00e9 je prov\u00e9st z\u00e1rove\u0148 zku\u0161ebn\u00ed krok podle bodu 5 \u2013 zkou\u0161ku\u00a0nap\u011bt\u00ed\u00a0napr\u00e1zdno.<br><strong><br><br>Zkou\u0161ka\u00a0nap\u011bt\u00ed\u00a0napr\u00e1zdno u FVE \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pou\u017eit\u00edm vhodn\u00fdch zku\u0161ebn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f by m\u011blo b\u00fdt na ka\u017ed\u00e9m FVE \u0159et\u011bzci zm\u011b\u0159eno\u00a0nap\u011bt\u00ed\u00a0napr\u00e1zdno a m\u011blo by b\u00fdt porovn\u00e1no s projektovan\u00fdmi hodnotami. P\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mal\u00e9\u00a0nap\u011bt\u00ed\u00a0napr\u00e1zdno ukazuje na chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed, obr\u00e1cen\u00e9 nebo defektn\u00ed p\u00f3ly modul\u016f. P\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00e9\u00a0nap\u011bt\u00ed\u00a0napr\u00e1zdno znamen\u00e1, \u017ee v \u0159et\u011bzci je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho modul\u016f. Tento postup\u00a0m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed\u00a0poskytuje tak\u00e9 jednoduchou mo\u017enost kontroly kabel\u00e1\u017ee.<br><strong><br>M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed\u00a0zkratov\u00e9ho proudu na FVE \u0159et\u011bzc\u00edch<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zkou\u0161en\u00ed zkratov\u00e9ho proudu ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u0159et\u011bzce diagnostikuje rovn\u011b\u017e chyby v zapojen\u00ed. P\u0159itom velikost zkratov\u00e9ho proudu z\u00e1vis\u00ed na intenzit\u011b oz\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed. Proto je \u00fa\u010deln\u00e9 pro toto\u00a0m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed\u00a0nasadit speci\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroj, kter\u00fd obsahuje toto m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed. Ten tak\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee pomoc\u00ed odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edho p\u0159ep\u00ednac\u00edho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vytvo\u0159it\u00a0zkrat\u00a0a pomoc\u00ed kle\u0161\u0165ov\u00e9ho nebo zabudovan\u00e9ho amp\u00e9rmetru m\u011b\u0159it zkratov\u00fd proud.<br><strong><br><br>Funk\u010dn\u00ed zkou\u0161ky<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mus\u00ed b\u00fdt provedeny n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed funk\u010dn\u00ed zkou\u0161ky:<br>a) sp\u00ednac\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroj a ostatn\u00ed \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroje mus\u00ed b\u00fdt zkou\u0161eny, aby zajistily spr\u00e1vnou funkci a \u017ee jsou \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b namontov\u00e1ny a p\u0159ipojeny,<br>b) v\u0161echny st\u0159\u00edda\u010de vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00edc\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st FVE syst\u00e9mu mus\u00ed b\u00fdt zkou\u0161eny, aby zajistily spr\u00e1vnou funkci. Zku\u0161ebn\u00ed postup by m\u011bl b\u00fdt stanoven v\u00fdrobcem st\u0159\u00edda\u010de;<br>c) mus\u00ed b\u00fdt provedena zkou\u0161ka p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed nap\u00e1jen\u00ed ze s\u00edt\u011b: Za provozu syst\u00e9mu mus\u00ed b\u00fdt rozpojen hlavn\u00ed AC\u00a0odp\u00edna\u010d\u00a0s\u00edt\u011b \u2013 m\u011blo by se pozorovat (nap\u0159. na displeji m\u011b\u0159ic\u00edho p\u0159\u00edstroje), zda FVE syst\u00e9m okam\u017eit\u011b p\u0159eru\u0161il v\u00fdrobu energie. Potom by m\u011bl b\u00fdt AC\u00a0odp\u00edna\u010d\u00a0znovu zapnut a m\u011blo by se pozorovat, \u017ee se syst\u00e9m navrac\u00ed k norm\u00e1ln\u00edmu provozu.<br><strong><br><br>Zkou\u0161ka izola\u010dn\u00edho odporu FVE pole<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Toto\u00a0m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed\u00a0m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt podm\u00edne\u010dn\u011b nazv\u00e1no tak\u00e9 \u201eIzola\u010dn\u00ed\u00a0odpor\u00a0stejnosm\u011brn\u00fdch obvod\u016f\u201c, co\u017e ale zahrnuje st\u0159\u00edda\u010d. Ten, stejn\u011b jako\u00a0svodi\u010d\u00a0p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed, by m\u011bl b\u00fdt p\u0159ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00edm bezpodm\u00edne\u010dn\u011b odpojen, proto\u017ee jinak hroz\u00ed po\u0161kozen\u00ed citliv\u00e9 elektroniky. \u00da\u010delem\u00a0m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed\u00a0je stanovit izola\u010dn\u00ed\u00a0odolnost\u00a0sou\u010d\u00e1stek stejnosm\u011brn\u00e9ho obvodu. Hodnoty\u00a0nap\u011bt\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b\u00a0se rovnaj\u00ed n\u00e1soben\u00edm\u00a0nap\u011bt\u00ed\u00a0napr\u00e1zdno sou\u010dinitelem 1,25.<br>Aby se zajistit bezporuchov\u00fd provoz za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, mus\u00ed se p\u0159ezkou\u0161et sp\u00ednac\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroje a dal\u0161\u00ed \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, jako je stejnosm\u011brn\u00fd odpojova\u010d, a tak\u00e9 se mus\u00ed ov\u011b\u0159it, \u017ee tato za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed byla \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b namontov\u00e1na a p\u0159ipojena.<br>Je t\u0159eba, podle \u00fadaj\u016f v\u00fdrobce, p\u0159ezkou\u0161et \u0159\u00e1dn\u00fd provoz v\u0161ech st\u0159\u00edda\u010d\u016f.<br><strong><br><br>Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed normy<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Soubor \u010cSN 33 2000 Elektrick\u00e9&nbsp;instalace&nbsp;n\u00edzk\u00e9ho&nbsp;nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/li><li>\u010cSN 33 2000-6 (332000) Elektrick\u00e9&nbsp;instalace&nbsp;n\u00edzk\u00e9ho&nbsp;nap\u011bt\u00ed&nbsp;\u2013 \u010c\u00e1st 6:&nbsp;Revize<\/li><li>\u010cSN 33 2000-7-712:2006 (332000) Elektrick\u00e9&nbsp;instalace&nbsp;budov \u2013 \u010c\u00e1st 7-712: Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed jedno\u00fa\u010delov\u00e1 a ve zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch objektech \u2013 Sol\u00e1rn\u00ed fotovoltaick\u00e9 (PV) nap\u00e1jec\u00ed syst\u00e9my<\/li><li>Soubor \u010cSN EN 61557 (356230) Elektrick\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnost v n\u00edzkonap\u011b\u0165ov\u00fdch rozvodn\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00edch se st\u0159\u00eddav\u00fdm nap\u011bt\u00edm do 1 000 V a se stejnosm\u011brn\u00fdm nap\u011bt\u00edm do 1 500 V \u2013 Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ke zkou\u0161en\u00ed,&nbsp;m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed&nbsp;nebo sledov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dinnosti prost\u0159edk\u016f ochrany<\/li><li>Soubor \u010cSN EN 62305-3 ed. 2 (341390)<\/li><li>\u010cSN EN 61730-1 (364650) Zp\u016fsobilost k bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti fotovoltaick\u00fdch (PV) modul\u016f \u2013 \u010c\u00e1st 1: Po\u017eadavky na konstrukci<\/li><li>\u010cSN EN 60891 ed. 2 (364601) Fotovoltaick\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1stky \u2013 Postupy pro korekce teploty a oza\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed na zm\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch voltamp\u00e9rov\u00fdch charakteristik\u00e1ch<\/li><li>Soubor \u010cSN EN 60904 (364604) Fotovoltaick\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1stky<\/li><li>\u010cSN EN 61215 ed. 2 (364631) Fotovoltaick\u00e9 (PV) moduly z krystalick\u00e9ho k\u0159em\u00edku pro pozemn\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed &#8211; Posouzen\u00ed zp\u016fsobilosti konstrukce a schv\u00e1len\u00ed typu<\/li><li>\u010cSN EN 61646 ed. 2 (364633) Tenkovrstv\u00e9 fotovoltaick\u00e9 (PV) moduly pro pozemn\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed \u2013 Posouzen\u00ed zp\u016fsobilosti konstrukce a schv\u00e1len\u00ed typu<\/li><li>\u010cSN EN 50380 (364635) Katalogov\u00e9 \u00fadaje a informace na \u0161t\u00edtku fotovoltaick\u00fdch modul\u016f<\/li><li>\u010cSN EN 61730-2 (364650) Zp\u016fsobilost k bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti fotovoltaick\u00fdch (PV) modul\u016f \u2013 \u010c\u00e1st 2: Po\u017eadavky na zkou\u0161en\u00ed<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><br><\/strong><strong><br><\/strong><strong><br><\/strong><strong>Klip p\u0159ehrajete kliknut\u00edm na obr\u00e1zek!https:\/\/elektrika.tv\/video\/2022\/221103_solid_22_cernoch.fhd.mp4\/embed?width=410&amp;height=230&amp;start=0&amp;footage=1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>David \u010cernoch<br>Vodafone Czech Republic a.s.<br>\u010clen TNK 20, 22 a 97,&nbsp;revizn\u00ed technik&nbsp;E1B a \u010cKAIT<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u010cl\u00e1nek jsem si vyp\u016fj\u010dil z webu elektrika.cz, kter\u00fd je dobr\u00fdm zdrojem informac\u00ed pro elektrik\u00e1\u0159e profesion\u00e1ly i pro ty, kdo se<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[42],"tags":[19,37,36,35,34],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.catman.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/454"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.catman.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.catman.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.catman.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.catman.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=454"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/www.catman.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/454\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":457,"href":"http:\/\/www.catman.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/454\/revisions\/457"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.catman.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=454"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.catman.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=454"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.catman.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=454"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}